Source material:
The Bonny Landing: A Question & Answer Overview of Black Africa’s First Amphibious Operation
Adeyinka Makinde (2024).
AI source guide:
This text provides an analysis of the Bonny Amphibious Operation, the first of its kind mounted by a modern Black African state, which took place in Nigeria in 1967 during the Nigerian Civil War. Authored by Adeyinka Makinde, the document details the historical background and the immediate causes of the conflict emphasising Nigeria’s complex colonial founding and post-independence political disputes that led to the secession of Biafra. A significant portion of the text is dedicated to outlining the Federal Military Government’s strategy of encirclement and naval blockade, explaining why Bonny was chosen as the optimal landing site over alternatives like Port Harcourt. Furthermore, the source provides a detailed account of the naval plan devised by Commander James Rawe, the obstacles the young Nigerian Navy overcame, and the operation’s successful execution, highlighting the landing’s immense psychological and economic importance for the Federal side.
For further reading see:
“The Bonny Landing: The anatomy of Black Africa’s first amphibious operation, July to September 1967”. Published in the August 2024 edition of the Mariner’s Mirror, the international journal of the Society for Nautical Research.
© Adeyinka Makinde (2025).
Adeyinka Makinde is writer based in London, England.

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